Medical Degree Program in China - Disinfection
1. Introduction
Disinfection is a discipline studying the theory, medicine, instrument and method of killing, removing and inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. In a broad sense, the concept of disinfection includes four aspects: sterilization, disinfection, anticorrosion and preservation.
Disinfection is a method of killing pathogenic microorganisms, but not necessarily able to kill bacteria. Chemical methods are usually used to achieve the effect of disinfection. Chemicals used for disinfection are called disinfectants. Sterilization is the method of killing all microorganisms (including bacteria spores), usually by physical means, to achieve the purpose of sterilization. Anticorrosion refers to the method for preventing or inhibiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Chemicals used for corrosion protection are called preservatives. Aseptic does not contain the meaning of living bacteria; it is the result of sterilization. To prevent the operation of microorganisms into the body or the object is referred to as aseptic operation.
2. Purpose and Significance of Disinfection
Infectious disease disinfection is the elimination pathogens staying in different media by physical or chemical methods, so as to cut off the transmission, prevent and control the occurrence of infection. Its purpose: (1) to prevent the spread of pathogens into the community to cause epidemics. (2) to prevent patients from being infected by other pathogens and appearing complications and cross infection. (3) also protecting medical staff to avoid infection.
Disinfection alone is not enough to achieve the above objectives. At the same time the necessary isolation measures and the sterile operation in work should also be taken in order to achieve the effect of control of infection.
The effect of disinfection is different for infectious diseases caused by different transmission mechanisms. Gastrointestinal tract infections, pathogens with waste or vomit discharged in vitro, the scope of pollution is limited, if a timely normal disinfection is carried out and cut off the transmission route, the effect of interruption of communication is better. Respiratory infectious disease, pathogen with breathing, coughing, sneezing and discharge, the droplets and dust spread and the extent of pollution is not exact, disinfection is difficult. Space isolation must be taken to break the infection. Insect media infectious diseases take pest control methods.
3. Types of Disinfection
Disinfection is divided into disinfection of epidemic focus and preventive disinfection, according to the high and low levels, disinfection can also be divided into high level disinfection, intermediate level disinfection and low level disinfection.
4. Choice of Disinfection Methods
In order to make the disinfection work smooth and get better results, according to the different situation, appropriate methods should be selected. The following issues should be considered in general.
Types of pathogens
Properties of disinfection objects
Disinfection should consider local conditions
Requirements of sanitation and epidemic prevention
5. Specific Disinfection Methods
Physical disinfection method
Chemical disinfection method
Biological disinfection method
