Engineering Degree Program in China - Drilling Engineering

1. Introduction

Drilling Engineering is the engineering that uses mechanical equipment to drill into a cylindrical hole with a certain depth on the stratum. According to the rock crushing method and the tool type, it can be divided into percussion drilling and rotary drill. In geological work, cylindrical hole with smaller diameter and larger depth that uses drilling equipment to drill into is also known as the drill hole. The diameter and depth of the drilling are determined by the use of the drilling and the buried depth of the minerals. Drilling oil, natural gas, and ground water all have larger diameters.

2. Main Functions

1) Access to the data of underground materials, which is to obtain the drill core, ore core, cuttings, liquid samples, gas samples, etc.

2) As a geophysical logging channel, obtain various geophysical field data of the rock mineral.

3) As an artificial channel for the observation of the dynamic conditions of the underground water layer.

4) Used as the combination of exploration and mining, drilling for developing underground water, oil and gas, geothermal.

3. Classification

1) Classification according to the use

According to the use, drilling engineering is usually divided into geological reconnaissance or exploration drilling, hydrological and geological drilling, wells or drilling of engineering geology, geothermal drilling, oil drilling, coal field drilling, ore field drilling, construction land drilling, etc.

2) Classification according to the drilling methods

Percussion drilling: also known as the impact drill. The drill bit is sent to the bottom hole by a steel wire rope, which is driven by the dynamic force to move the beam mechanism, so that one end of the beam is moving up and down, and the wire rope and the drill bit are driven to generate the upper and lower impact action to make the rock broken. Percussion drilling has slow speed, low efficiency, cannot adapt to the requirements of well depth increasing and complex formation drilling, gradually replaced by rotary drilling, but it has simple equipment, low cost, no oil pollution, etc., it is used for some shallow low pressure wells, leakage loss of well.

Rotary drilling: the cutting or grinding action of a broken rock when the drill bit is rotated. It is the most common drilling method. Beaton's drilling has large speed, and easy to deal with the collapse of the well, blowout and other complex conditions.

According to the power transmission mode, rotary drilling can be divided into two kinds: rotary table drilling and underground power drill.

Rotary table drilling is equipped with the rotary table at the wellhead of drill floor, center part of the rotary table is provided with a square hole, drilling posts at the top of the square drill rod passes through the square hole, kelly bar is followed by drill string and drill bit, the driving wheel drives the drill string and bit rotates to break rocks.

4. Main Content

1) Drilling engineering and geological conditions

2) Drilling tool

3) Drilling fluid

4) Drilling parameters optimization

5) Well trajectory design and trajectory control

6) Oil and gas well pressure control

7) Well cementing and well completion

8) Other drilling technologies and operations