Medical Degree Program in China - Labor Hygiene

Labor Hygiene is a health program studying related labor and labor conditions. And the research object is mainly influence of working conditions on the health of workers, the purpose is to create the physiological requirement of human labor conditions, study how to make the work suitable for people, and everyone is suitable for their work, so that workers are in the best state in the aspects of physical, spiritual, psychological and social welfare. Therefore, the primary task of labor hygiene is to identify, evaluate and control the unhealthy working conditions, protect and promote the physical and mental health of the workers. Labor hygiene belongs to preventive medicine and is an important part of the health; it studies occupational disease and labor protection that has had a close contact. Labor hygiene studies the effects of labor hygiene on the health of workers mainly from the angle of hygiene.

 

 

Labor conditions refer to three aspects: the production process, production environment and labor process. Production process refers to the production equipment, production process, from the whole process of the production of raw materials to the finished product output; production environment refers to the natural environment and according to the needs of the production and arrangement of artificial environment; labor process refers to the production of labor organization, operating position and accounted for physical labor and mental labor.

 

 

Harmful factors in working conditions include:

Harmful factors produced or used in the process of production, such as toxic substances such as lead, mercury, benzene, chlorine, carbon monoxide and other, dust production (such as quartz, asbestos dust, coal dust, fur dust), abnormal climate (such as high temperature is too low, too low or too high pressure), noise, vibration, microwave, laser, X-ray, gamma rays, etc. physical factors, and bacteria, fungi, viruses and other biological factor and so on. The harmful factors in production environment, such as natural environment factors (such as cold in cold areas in winter open-air homework), process layout is unreasonable, toxic and non-toxic operation hybrid arrangement in a workshop caused by environmental pollution. The harmful factors in the process of work, such as unreasonable labor organization and work shift system, overweight physical labor, the operation of individual organ systems such as excessive tension, visual tension etc.. The three aspects of the adverse factors, in the case of production often exist at the same time, if these adverse factors beyond a certain limit, and did not take effective measures of protection, will cause the contact all occupational injury: inductrial injury, occupational disease, disability or death.

 

 

A large number of occupational hazard factors in the labor conditions are the primary causes of occupational injury. According to prevent medicine in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention principle, it is first necessary to eliminate the presence and proliferation of occupational hazard source, the second is cut or reduce its contact with the individual workers, increase an individual's health again, in order to improve the ability to resist risk factors.

 

 

Occupation hazards encountered in the work cause damage to workers only under certain conditions of occupation, which mainly depended on the nature, the harmful factors of strength, contact time, contact way (entering from the respiratory tract, skin or other means), is a long-term, low concentration and high concentration, or chronic exposure the short, acute contact, whether accidental contact, in addition, age, gender, individual genetic factors and contacts (such as the lack of some enzymes, there is no contraindication) occupation, nutritional deficiency, individual psychological factors, health habits, smoking and drinking habits, and compliance with health and safety procedures, to wear protective factors other aspects of the relevant activities. In short, occupational hazardous factors of the toxic effect of size and caused by ending is determined by many factors, ultimately depends on the individual to accept the harmful substances of the effective dose, at present the biological effective dose monitoring monitor exposure dose or dose.

 

 

Labor hygiene involves the toxicology, statistics, physiology, chemistry, engineering, economics, law, sociology and so on.

 

 

The content and serving objects of labor hygiene has been expanded to the entire population of labor along with the development of production and the change of the industrial structure.