Medical Degree Program in China - Neurology
1. Introduction
Neurology is a clinical medical discipline studying etiology and pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle disease. Neurology is closely related with diseases of cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, endocrine system, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology and ophthalmology, ENT and stomatology, neurological problems can appear in these diseases, neurological internal diseases can also be first performed as other systemic disease symptoms.
2. Study Area
Study area of neurology includes various neurological internal diseases, such as vascular disease (cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, stenosis of carotid artery, intracranial arterial stricture), central nervous system infection disease, tumor, trauma, degenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases, poisoning disease, congenital dysplasia, nutritional deficiency, metabolic disorder disease and various difficult neurological internal diseases.
The main symptoms of nervous system diseases include dysfunction of motor, sensory, reflection and vegetative nerve. The reasons include infection, poisoning, trauma, tumor, degeneration, communication factors, changes of blood vessels, metabolic disorders, immunological abnormalities, congenital malformations, traditionally include neuromuscular junction disease (such as myasthenia gravis) and certain muscle disease (such as polymyositis, periodic paralysis). On the other hand, due to the need of treatment or traditional habits, some nervous system diseases often does not belong to category of Neurology, such as trauma belongs to the Neurosurgery, anterior poliomyelitis and meningitis diplococcus meningitis belong to the range of infectious diseases, and so on.
3. Causes of Neuropathy
Neuropathy can be caused by a variety of causes; many of the cause of the disease are unknown. Disease not found the cause is often referred to as the “primary”.
(1). Infection
(2). Poisoning
(3). Genetic Defects
(4). Nutritional Disorders
(5). Immune Damage
(6). Metabolic Disorder
(7). Endocrine Disorders
(8). Congenital Malformation
(9). Blood Circulation Disorder
(10). Abnormal Proliferation
4. Clinical classification:
1). Peripheral type
2). Neural stem
3). Nerve root type
4). Spinal cord bundle type
5. Clinical Manifestations of Neuropathy
Headache, dizziness, sleep is not normal, tremors, walking instability, glue paralysis, hemiplegia, numbness, convulsions, coma, urine cannot control, muscle atrophy and weakness, etc. are the most common manifestations.
Generally speaking, the symptoms can be divided into two categories: one is the irritation symptoms, such as pain, numbness; the other is damage symptoms, performance for paralysis.
Nervous and mental diseases often coexist, such as sporadic encephalitis often with psychiatric symptoms as initial symptoms of dementia; paralysis patients can also be early neurological symptoms. But this kind of mental disorders and mental patient's mental disorders vary according to symptoms, the doctor checks and all kinds of tests can distinguish the two kinds.
6. Neurodiagnosis
In the diagnosis of nervous system diseases, history and physical examination is very important, cerebrospinal fluid examination and other laboratory examinations, EMG, EEG often can provide important clues. Imaging examination of the nervous system plays an important role in the diagnosis of some diseases. Positron emission tomography, single photon emission computer tomography, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, quantitative EEG and nervous system evoked potentials, digital reduction shadow cerebral angiography, electronystagmogram and other new technologies have helped in the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system.
7. Neurological Treatment
Appropriate treatment measures can be taken to cure the disease of a clear cause and the disease that the pathogen can be eliminated (such as epidemic meningitis). Some immune diseases can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Some deformity can be treated surgically. Many degenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, without special treatment, take symptomatic treatment
