Medical Degree Program in China - Occupational Medicine
1. Introduction
Occupational Medicine not only belongs to clinical medicine, but also a branch of preventive medicine, often referred to as occupational health, from a narrow sense, occupational medicine takes an individual as the main object, while occupational health takes the crowd as the main object, the two distinguishes only in the scope, unified on a target, the common concept, knowledge and skills of preventive medicine, to achieve the perfect state in physical, mental and social adaptation through the promotion and protection of occupational population.
2. Tasks of Occupational Medicine
The task of occupational medicine: prevent workers from harmful disease caused by the working environment; protecting workers to avoid various hazards due to unfavorable factors in employment; make the workers be exposed to an adaptable physiological and psychological professional environment; even if the work can be adapted to the person, everyone should be able to adapt to the work.
3. Research Content
In every medical field, there are some parts of occupational medicine. Occupational disease caused by biological factors is based on microbiology and parasitic diseases. Occupational disease caused by physical and chemical factors should be based on toxicology. In clinical disciplines, the establishment of occupational diseases, at present mainly focuses on pneumoconiosis and occupational poisoning, while others such as industrial injury, dermatitis, noise induced deafness and other work related disease should still be classified into the scope of skin, ear, nose and throat. So occupational medicine should be the medical subject that must be paid attention to.
4. Etiology
The environment of human beings is composed of some natural factors, such as air, water, food, climate and space for human activities. The social and spiritual environment of people's life has a great influence on people's physical and mental health. Most of human diseases are caused by the environmental harm, or influenced by environmental factors; for the protection of human health, we must first clarify the ways that these factors affect health, which is referred to as the environmental medicine and occupational medicine only studies environmental factors in the workplace, which is called the special effects of occupational factors on occupational health.
5. Factors Affecting Health
Environmental factors: physical factors, chemical factors, biological factors
Social and economic factors
Life style
Quality of health service
6. Occupational Disease Conditions
The nature of harmful factors
Amount of action in the body
Human health status
7. Clinical Manifestations
(1) Occupational disease has specific causes; to control the causes can prevent or reduce the incidence.
(2) Working conditions include contact time and contact amount, contact time is concerned with production process, production equipment and labor system.
(3) The incidence of a certain occupational disease in different populations is different, so it is more important to the work of the population.
(4) Rehabilitation is easier if found earlier; the treatment effect is poorer when it is later.
(5) For most of the occupational diseases, there is still a lack of effective treatment; therefore, in addition to symptomatic treatment of individuals, the focus should be to protect the health of the population.
8. Classification
Occupational disease is generally divided into two types: acute and chronic.
9. Work-related Diseases
(1) Behavior (mental) and physical and mental illness.
(2) Chronic nonspecific respiratory disease
(3) Other diseases such as hypertension, peptic ulcer, low back pain, etc.
10. Diagnostic Instructions
Occupational history
Physical examination of occupational medicine
Laboratory examination
11. Prevention Instructions
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary level prevention
