Medical Degree Program in China - Pharmaceutical Preparations
1. Introduction
Pharmaceutical Preparations, from the narrow sense, is the specific drug products in accordance with a certain form, from a broad sense, it is a pharmaceutical preparation, and it is a subject. Drug is used for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of human diseases and to regulate the physiological functions of human beings, and provisions have to adapt to the disease, usage and dosage of material, including Chinese herbal medicine, proprietary Chinese medicine, chemical drug substances and preparations, antibiotics, biochemical drug, radioactive drug, serums, vaccines, blood products and diagnostic medicine. The drug formulation solves the problem of the usage and dosage of the drug. Drug formulations can make the drug play its role and the effect as a "drug".
2. Training Objectives
Pharmaceutical Preparations is to cultivate senior scientific and technical personnel equipped with the basic theory and basic experiment skills of pharmacy, pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical preparations engineering, engaged in the research, development, process design, improvement of production techniques and quality control in pharmaceutical formulation and preparation technology associated areas.
3. Training Requirements
The students mainly study the basic theory and basic knowledge of pharmacy, biology pharmacy, industrial pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceutical research and production technology of basic training, and possess the basic ability of pharmaceutical research, development, production technology improvement and quality control.
Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and skills:
1). To master the basic theory, basic knowledge physical chemistry, medicinal chemistry, medical polymer materials, industrial pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical apparatus and workshop design;
2). Master the study on the preparation and dosage form design and improvement and production of pharmaceutical preparations of the design process;
3). Be equipped with the preliminary ability of research and development of pharmaceutical preparations, the design and improvement of dosage forms and design of the production process;
4). Familiar with pharmacy administration regulations and policies;
5). Understand the development of modern medicine;
6). Master literature retrieval and information inquiry, with basic scientific research and practical working ability.
4. Main Subjects and Courses
Main subjects: pharmaceutical and chemical engineering
Main courses: physical chemistry, principles of chemical engineering, medicinal chemical, pharmaceutical analysis, pharmacology, physical pharmacy, medical polymer materials, biopharmaceutics, industrial pharmaceutics and preparation equipment and workshop design
The main practical teaching: including production practice, graduation thesis design, comprehensive experimental design, the general arrangement is about 22 weeks.
Similar major: Pharmacy
5. Unstable Reaction
1) Produce toxic substances. Once this is found, the drug should be discontinued;
2) To reduce the efficacy or increase the drug side effects. This situation is more common;
3) The patient's use does not change, such as suspension of the drug in the form of a hard cake; the use is not only inconvenient and may cause each dose to be not accurate;
4) Although sometimes the amount of drug breakdown is rare, dose drug efficacy, content and toxicity may do not change significantly, but because of the deep color or a small amount of fine precipitation (e.g. injection), and therefore cannot be used for medicine. The stability of some inorganic aqueous solution of a drug is very poor (such as bleaching powder, iodide and hydrogen peroxide, etc.), but the reaction is relatively simple and commonly used agents are few.
6. Classification
According to the morphology
(1) Liquid dosage forms (such as solution agent, injection, etc.)
(2) Solid dosage forms (such as tablets, capsules, etc.)
(3) Semi solid dosage form (such as ointment, gel, etc.)
(4) Gaseous dosage forms (such as aerosols, sprays, etc.)
According to the distributed system
1) Solution type
2) Colloid solution type
3) Emulsion type
4) Suspension type
5) Gas dispersion type
6) Solid dispersion type
According to the route of medication
1) The dosage form of the administration of the gastro intestinal tract.
2) Dosage forms not administered via the gastrointestinal tract
Injection
Respiratory drug delivery
Skin administration
Mucosal drug delivery
7. Stability
(1) Sample observation method.
(2) To study the stability of the drug with a chemical kinetic method.
(3) Stability test of mixture of drug powder, tablet, solid medicine and auxiliary materials.
8. Dynamics
(1) Reaction rate
(2) Reaction order
(3) The half life of chemical reaction
9. Influencing Factors
Temperature
Water
Catalyzer
Light
Radiation
10. Chemical Decomposition
The chemical decomposition of the drug in the preparation is oxidation, hydrolysis and isomerization, dehydration, ring or ring rearrangement, polymerization and other decomposition pathways, among which the most common are oxidation and hydrolysis.
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
